12. Orangutan SPI Master Functions

Reference

static void OrangutanSPIMaster::init(unsigned char speed_divider, unsigned char options)

void spi_master_init(unsigned char speed_divider, unsigned char options)

Initializes the AVR’s hardware SPI module in master mode. This command makes the MOSI and SCK pins outputs so that the AVR can send data to the slave device. This command makes MISO an input so that the AVR can receive data from the slave device. If SS is an input, this function enables its pull-up resistor so that it is less likely that SS goes low and knocks the SPI module out of master mode (see note above).

The speed_divider parameter specifies the ratio of the AVR’s clock frequency to the SPI frequency. The library defines several keywords of the form SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_xxx for use as the speed_divider argument. These keywords are shown in the table below:

Valid values for speed_divider

speed_divider	SPI Frequency (assuming 20 MHz clock)
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_2	10 MHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_4	5 MHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_8	2.5 MHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_16	1.25 MHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_32	625 kHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_64	313 kHz
SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_128	156 kHz

The options argument controls three important configuration options for the SPI module. The options argument can be 0 to select all the default options. To over-ride the defaults, the options argument should be a combination of some of the following keywords, combined using the inclusive-or operator “|”.

• SPI_SCK_IDLE_LOW (default): The idle state of SCK will be low; the leading edge will be rising and the trailing edge will be falling.
• SPI_SCK_IDLE_HIGH: The idle state of SCK will be high; the leading edge will be falling and the trailing edge will be rising.
• SPI_MSB_FIRST (default): Bytes will be transmitted/received starting with the most-significant bit first.
• SPI_LSB_FIRST: Bytes will be transmitted/received starting with the least-significant bit first.
• SPI_EDGE_LEADING (default): The AVR will sample data on MISO on the leading edge of SCK.
• SPI_EDGE_TRAILING: The AVR will sample data on MISO on the trailing edge of SCK.

Example

// Initialize the SPI module in master mode at 20/2 = 10 MHz, sample on the trailing edge,
// LSB first, SCK idle state low.
spi_master_init(SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_2, SPI_EDGE_TRAILING | SPI_LSB_FIRST);
// C++: OrangutanSPIMaster::init(SPI_SPEED_DIVIDER_2, SPI_EDGE_TRAILING | SPI_LSB_FIRST);

static unsigned char OrangutanSPIMaster::transmit(unsigned char data)

unsigned char spi_master_transmit(unsigned char data)

Transmits the given byte of data to the SPI slave device, and returns the byte that the slave simultaneously sent back.

static unsigned char OrangutanSPIMaster::transmitAndDelay(unsigned char data, unsigned char post_delay_us)

unsigned char spi_master_transmit_and_delay(unsigned char data, unsigned char post_delay_us)

This command is just like spi_master_transmit() except that after the transmission has finished it delays for the specified number of microseconds before returning. This added delay is useful if you are communicating with any slave device that requires some time between SPI transmissions to give it time to process the byte it has received (e.g. the auxiliary processors on the Orangutan X2 and Orangutan SVP). post_delay_us should be a number between 0 and 255.