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Pololu item #:
3116
Brand:
Pololu
Status:
Active and Preferred
This programmable module is designed to be the core of a small robot, either as an auxiliary controller atop a Raspberry Pi base or as a complete control solution on its own. Its ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller comes preloaded with an Arduino-compatible bootloader. On-board hardware includes dual motor drivers that can deliver 1.8 A per channel and an efficient voltage regulator that allows the controller to work with a 2.7 V to 11 V input voltage, along with level shifters that enable it to interface with a Raspberry Pi. This version (item #3116) does not include any through-hole components or connectors, allowing for customized assembly or standalone use.
Compare all products in Robot Controllers or Raspberry Pi Expansion Boards or A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller.
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge (SMT components only). |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge with included hardware. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge on a Raspberry Pi Model B+. |
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Driving motors with an A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge on a Raspberry Pi Model B+ or Pi 2 Model B. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge on a Raspberry Pi Model B+. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge (SMT components only). |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge, bottom view with dimensions. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller with Raspberry Pi Bridge pinout diagram. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller with Raspberry Pi Bridge pinout diagram (Raspberry Pi connections and level shifters). |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller with Raspberry Pi Bridge power distribution diagram. |
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Typical efficiency of the 5 V regulator on the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge. |
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Typical maximum output current of the 5 V regulator on the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge, bottom view with dimensions. |
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The A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge is a programmable module well-suited for robotics applications, designed to work either as an auxiliary controller mounted to a Raspberry Pi or as a standalone control solution for a small robot. This A-Star (abbreviated A*) is based on the ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller from Microchip (formerly Atmel), which has built-in USB functionality, and it ships with a preloaded Arduino-compatible bootloader. Its complement of peripheral hardware includes dual motor drivers capable of delivering a continuous 1.8 A per channel, along with pushbuttons, LEDs, and an optional buzzer for building a user interface. An efficient switching voltage regulator allows the controller to work over a wide range of input voltages (2.7 V to 11 V).
The robot controller board conforms to the Raspberry Pi HAT specification, allowing it to be used as an add-on for a Raspberry Pi with a 40-pin GPIO header (Model B+ or newer, including Pi 3 Model B+ and Model A+) . On-board level shifters make it easy to set up I²C communication and interface other signals between the two controllers, and the A-Star automatically supplies 5 V power to an attached Raspberry Pi. In this setup, the Raspberry Pi can handle the high-level robot control while relying on the A-Star for low-level tasks like reading analog sensors and controlling timing-sensitive devices (e.g. servos).
We provide a library that helps establish communication between the A-Star and a Raspberry Pi, as well as a tutorial that demonstrates how to use the library and its included example code to build such a robot.
Our comprehensive user’s guide provides the basics you need to get started with the A-Star as well as detailed technical information for advanced users.
This product requires a USB A to Micro-B cable (not included) to connect to a computer.
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Driving motors with an A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge on a Raspberry Pi Model B+ or Pi 2 Model B. |
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A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge (SMT components only). |
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This version of the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge (2.7 V to 11 V input voltage) does not include any through-hole components. It ships as shown in the picture above, without any male or female headers, terminal blocks, DC power jack, buzzer, or Raspberry Pi mounting hardware. This configuration is intended for those who want to use the board as a standalone robot controller or customize the way it is assembled for use with a Raspberry Pi, such as by installing a stackable 2×20-pin female header in order to continue to have access to the Raspberry Pi’s 40 GPIO pins while the A-Star is plugged in. If you want to use this version with the Raspberry Pi, we recommend you also get 11 mm M2.5 standoffs along with compatible nuts and screws.
For a version assembled with selected through-hole parts for use as a Raspberry Pi add-on and with mounting hardware included, see item #3117.
A major feature of the A* Robot Controller LV is its power system, which allows it to efficiently operate from a 2.7 V to 11 V external source and provide power to an attached Raspberry Pi. The input voltage is regulated to 5 V by a TPS63061 switching step-up/step-down (buck-boost) converter from Texas Instruments. (We also make a standalone regulator based on this integrated circuit.) The regulator’s flexibility in input voltage is especially well-suited for battery-powered applications in which the battery voltage begins above 5 V and drops below 5 V as the battery discharges. Without the typical restriction on the battery voltage staying above 5 V throughout its life, a wider range of battery types can be considered. For example:
As shown in the left graph below, the LV’s 5 V switching regulator has an efficiency – defined as (Power out)/(Power in) – of 80% to 90% for most combinations of input voltage and load.
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The A-Star’s components, including the microcontroller and LEDs, draw 30 mA to 40 mA in typical applications (without the buzzer). The rest of the regulator’s achievable output current, which depends on input voltage as well as ambient conditions, can be used to power other devices; this can include an attached Raspberry Pi (which typically draws a few hundred milliamps). The blue line in the right graph above shows output currents at which the voltage regulator’s over-temperature protection typically kicks in after a few seconds. These currents represent the limit of the regulator’s capability and cannot be sustained for long periods; under typical operating conditions, a safe limit for the maximum continuous regulator output current is 60% to 70% of the values shown in the graph.
Like our other A-Star 32U4 programmable controllers, the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller ships with a preloaded Arduino-compatible bootloader (which uses 4 KB of flash memory, leaving 28 KB available for the user program). We provide a software add-on that enables the board to be easily programmed from the Arduino environment and an Arduino library to make it easy to use the additional on-board hardware.
The A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller has the same microcontroller as the Arduino Leonardo and Arduino Micro, and it runs at the same frequency, so most code examples intended for those boards should also work on the A-Star.
The A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller is a part of our larger A-Star 32U4 family, all of whose members are based on the same ATmega32U4 microcontroller, feature native USB interfaces, and are preloaded with Arduino-compatible bootloaders. The table below shows some key features and specifications of our A-Star microcontroller boards to help you choose the right one for your application.
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| A-Star 328PB Micro | A-Star 32U4 Micro | A-Star 32U4 Mini ULV A-Star 32U4 Mini LV A-Star 32U4 Mini SV |
A-Star 32U4 Prime LV A-Star 32U4 Prime SV |
A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller SV |
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| Microcontroller: | ATmega328PB | ATmega32U4 | |||
| User I/O lines: | 24 | 18 | 26 | 26(1) | 26(1) |
| Available PWM outputs: | 9 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7(1) |
| Analog inputs: | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12(1) |
| Ground access points: | 6 | 2 | 4 | 43 | 44 |
| User LEDs: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| User pushbuttons: | — | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| USB interface: |  |
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| Reset button: | |
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| Power switch: | |
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| Buzzer option: | |
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| microSD option: | |
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| LCD option: | |
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| Motor drivers: | |
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| Operating voltage: | 3.3V VCC: 3.8 V to 15 V 5V VCC: 5.5 V to 15 V |
5.5 V to 15 V | ULV: 0.5 V to 5.5 V LV: 2.7 V to 11.8 V SV: 5 V to 40 V |
LV: 2 V to 16 V SV: 5 V to 36 V |
LV: 2.7 V to 11 V SV: 5.5 V to 36 V |
| Regulator type: | 3.3 V or 5 V linear | 5 V linear | 5 V switching ULV: step-up LV: step-up/step-down SV: step-down |
5 V switching LV: step-up/step-down SV: step-down |
5 V switching LV: step-up/step-down SV: step-down |
| Regulated current:(2) | 100 mA | 100 mA | ULV: 500 mA LV: 1 A SV: 800 mA |
LV: 1.8 A SV: 1 A |
LV: 1 A SV: 1.5 A |
| Dimensions: | 1.3″ × 0.7″ | 1″ × 0.6″ | 1.9″ × 0.7″ | 2.8″ × 2.1″ | 2.6″ × 2.2″ |
| Weight: | 1.5 g(3) | 1.3 g(3) | 3.4 g(3) | 13 g to 33 g | 14 g to 23 g |
| Price: | $8.95 | $16.95 | $24.95 to $24.95 | $24.95 to $39.95 | $29.95 to $39.95 |
| 1 Some microcontroller resources are used by on-board hardware. | |||||
| 2 These values are rough approximations for comparison purposes. Available current depends on input voltage, current consumed by the board, ambient conditions, and regulator topology. See product documentation and performance graphs for details. | |||||
| 3 Without included optional headers. | |||||
| Size: | 65 mm × 56 mm |
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| Weight: | 14 g |
| Processor: | ATmega32U4 @ 16 MHz |
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| RAM size: | 2560 bytes |
| Program memory size: | 32 Kbytes1 |
| Motor driver: | DRV8838 |
| Motor channels: | 2 |
| User I/O lines: | 262 |
| Input voltage range: | 2.7 V to 11 V |
| Minimum operating voltage: | 2.7 V |
| Maximum operating voltage: | 11 V |
| Maximum output current: | 1.5 A3 |
| Continuous output current per channel: | 1.8 A |
| Peak output current per channel: | 1.8 A |
| Logic voltage: | 5 V |
| Reverse voltage protection?: | Y |
| External programmer required?: | N |
| PCB dev codes: | ac04b |
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| Other PCB markings: | 0J8907 |
User’s manual for the Pololu A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller with Raspberry Pi Bridge.
This download contains the Windows drivers for the A-Star 32U4 and the rest of our 32U4 family of boards.
Printable pinout and power distribution diagrams of the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller with Raspberry Pi Bridge.
Printable schematic for the A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller LV with Raspberry Pi Bridge.
This DXF drawing shows the locations of all of the board’s holes.
The AStar32U4 library for the Arduino IDE helps interface with the on-board hardware on the A-Star 32U4 controllers.
This repository contains Arduino add-on files, Windows drivers, and bootloaders for the A-Star 328PB, A-Star 32U4, and the rest of our 32U4 family of boards.
This is an Arduino library that helps establish I²C communication between an A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller and a Raspberry Pi, with the Arduino acting as the I²C slave. Example Arduino code and Python code for the Raspberry Pi are included.
This blog post shows how to build an expandable robot platform based on a Raspberry Pi and an A-Star 32U4 Robot Controller using our Raspberry Pi slave library for Arduino.
Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) software
Microchip’s product page for the ATmega32U4 AVR microcontroller, with links to its datasheet, application notes, and other resources.
The web site for AVR Libc, which is the standard library of functions that you can use with C and C++ on the AVR.
The A-Star and Orangutan discussion section of the Pololu Robotics Forum.
AVR community with forums, projects, and AVR news.
AVRDUDE is a cross-platform command-line utility for programming the flash memory on AVR microcontrollers.
LUFA is an embedded software library written in C that can be used to create USB applications on USB-capable AVRs. It comes with a large library of example USB applications and bootloaders.
A free integrated development environment (IDE) for AVRs. Formerly known as Atmel Studio.
A free, open-source suite of development tools for the AVR family of microcontrollers, including the GNU GCC compiler for C/C++.
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